The risk of depression among the generation that can recall the Depression and World War II is four times greater than in the general population. Yet older people are less likely to admit a problem because they fear being stigmatized or hospitalized. As a result, many don't get the help they need.
Masked Symptoms
Depression can be hard to recognize in the elderly. The signs and symptoms of depression can be hidden by multiple physical and behavioral problems. Distinguishing between normal sadness and major depression in elderly people who have "good reason" to be distressed is challenging.
Six million older adults suffer from debilitating depression--persistent lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death, for example--yet they go untreated because many think it is a natural part of aging. Not only does depression cause significant suffering, but it can worsen the symptoms of other physical illnesses. Losing interest in food or ignoring rashes, for example, can lead to more serious problems.
To help Mary cope with her mother's situation, I sought specific advice about depression from Dr. Ira Katz, an expert on depression in older people and a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.
"Late-life depression is often misdiagnosed," says Katz. "Symptoms such as feeling 'slowed down,' weight changes, and sleep problems may be more pronounced signs of the illness. As a result, many people overlook certain symptoms and don't report them to their doctor."
Reversing Depression
Because such depression is a medical disorder, Katz says, it is treatable and reversible in 80 percent of cases. Even though the depression "makes sense" because of late-life losses, it can be a disease and subject to recurrence. He recommends these options:
- Recognition and diagnosis of the condition; outpatient evaluations can be obtained at mental health clinics, community mental health centers, or independent mental health professionals.
- Antidepressants.
- Stay socially connected.
- Maintain good physical fitness.
- A course of psychotherapy with or without other family members.
- Alternative treatments such as light therapy.
Other Resources
Tips from the American Psychiatric Association
